The Death and Burial of Jesus

Context & Setting

• Main Biblical Reference: Matthew 27:32–66; Mark 15:21–47; Luke 23:26–56; John 19:16–42
• Historical Period: Roman rule in Judea (Second Temple period)
• Geographic Location: Jerusalem; Golgotha (the place of crucifixion); a nearby garden tomb
• Key Characters: Jesus; Roman soldiers; Pilate; Jewish leaders; Mary Magdalene; Mary the mother of Jesus; other women disciples; Joseph of Arimathea; Nicodemus

The Narrative

The Beginning:
After Jesus is condemned under Pontius Pilate, he is led outside Jerusalem to be crucified. Roman soldiers carry out the execution, and Jesus is nailed to the cross at a site called Golgotha. Various witnesses are present, including women who had followed him.

The Middle:
While Jesus hangs on the cross, he is mocked by passersby and leaders, and the soldiers divide his garments. From the cross he speaks words of suffering, care, and fulfillment, and the Gospels report extraordinary signs surrounding his death. Jesus finally dies, and his death is confirmed by those overseeing the crucifixion. The temple curtain is reported as torn, marking a dramatic moment associated with his death.

The End:
Because the Sabbath is approaching, Joseph of Arimathea asks Pilate for Jesus’ body. Jesus is taken down, wrapped in linen, and laid in a new tomb; John notes the use of burial spices, with Nicodemus assisting. Women observe where he is laid, and the tomb is closed with a stone; Matthew records that the tomb is secured with guards and a seal.

Theological Meaning

Jesus’ death is presented as the climactic act of his mission: the righteous sufferer who gives his life in obedience to God and for the salvation of others. The crucifixion reveals both the seriousness of human sin and the depth of divine mercy, as Jesus bears shame and death while fulfilling the Scriptures. His burial confirms the reality of his death and sets the stage for God’s vindication in the resurrection, central to the gospel proclamation.

Historical & Cultural Insight

Crucifixion was a Roman form of public execution designed to shame and deter, commonly carried out outside city walls. Jewish burial practice emphasized prompt burial before nightfall (especially before Sabbath and festivals), and rock-cut tombs—often closed with a stone—are well-attested in the Jerusalem area from the Second Temple period.

Key Memory Verse

"But Jesus uttered a loud cry and breathed his last." — Mark 15:37